Lucille Clifton, original name Thelma Lucille Sayles, (born June 27, 1936, Depew, New York, U.S.—died February 13, 2010, Baltimore, Maryland), American poet whose works examine family life, racism, and gender.

Born of a family that was descended from slaves, she attended Howard University from 1953 to 1955 and graduated from Fredonia State Teachers College (now State University of New York College at Fredonia) in 1955. Three years later she married Fred James Clifton, and in 1969 her first book, a collection of poetry titled Good Times, was published.

Clifton worked in state and federal government positions until 1971, when she became a writer in residence at Coppin State College in Baltimore, Maryland. Remaining at Coppin until 1974, she produced two further books of poetry, Good News About the Earth (1972) and An Ordinary Woman (1974). From 1982 to 1983 she was a visiting writer at Columbia University School of the Arts and at George Washington University. Thereafter she taught literature and creative writing at the University of California at Santa Cruz and then at St. Mary’s College of Maryland.

Clifton’s later poetry collections included Next: New Poems (1987), Quilting: Poems 1987–1990 (1991), The Terrible Stories (1996), Blessing the Boats: New and Selected Poems, 1988–2000 (2000), and Mercy (2004). Generations: A Memoir (1976) is a prose piece celebrating her origins, and Good Woman: Poems and a Memoir, 1969–1980 (1987) collects some of her previously published verse. The Collected Poems of Lucille Clifton: 1965–2010 (2012) aggregated much of her oeuvre, including a substantial number of unpublished poems.

Clifton served as poet laureate of Maryland from 1979–85. Among her many honours was the Ruth Lilly Poetry Prize (2007).